Trigonometric identity calculator

Free trigonometric function calculator - evaluate trigonometric functions step-by-step

Trigonometric identity calculator. signed numbers elementary free. worksheet for 7th grade math fraction. From solving trig identities calculator to precalculus, we have every part included. Come to Mathfraction.com and figure out the square, syllabus and scores of other algebra topics.

trigonometric-identity-calculator. inverse \sin(x) en. Related Symbolab blog posts. Spinning The Unit Circle (Evaluating Trig Functions ) If you’ve ever taken a ...

When we have an expression in the form: acos q + bsin q, it is sometimes best to rewrite this in the form rcos(q + a), especially when solving trigonometric equations. To calculate what r and a are, note that rcos(q + a) = r cos q cos a - r sin q sin a = r cos a cos q - r sin a sin q by the above identity.Free math problem solver answers your algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, and statistics homework questions with step-by-step explanations, just like a math tutor. Mathway. ... Verifying Trigonometric Identities. Verify the Identity. Step 1. Start on the left side. Step 2. Convert to sines and cosines. Tap for more steps...Double angle identities are trigonometric identities that are used when we have a trigonometric function that has an input that is equal to twice a given angle. For example, we can use these identities to solve \sin (2\theta) sin(2θ). In this way, if we have the value of θ and we have to find \sin (2 \theta) sin(2θ), we can use this identity ...For the next trigonometric identities we start with Pythagoras' Theorem: The Pythagorean Theorem says that, in a right triangle, the square of a plus the square of b is equal to the square of c: a 2 + b 2 = c 2. Dividing through by c2 gives. a2 c2 + b2 c2 = c2 c2. This can be simplified to: ( a c )2 + ( b c )2 = 1.Proving Trigonometric Identities Calculator. Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Proving Trigonometric Identities step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of our online calculators here. 1 cos ( x) − cos ( x) 1 + sin ( x) = tan ( x)YouTube An interesting trigonometry problem -- featuring roots of unity. YouTube Basic trigonometry | Basic trigonometry | Trigonometry | Khan Academy YouTube More Videos (sin(x))2 ⋅ ((cot(x))2 + 1) cos(π) tan(x) cos(3x + π) = 0.5 cot(x)sec(x) sin(x)Basic trigonometric identities are: Connection of sine and cosine: sin2α+cos2α=1. Sine and tan connection: sin2α=tg2α / 1+tg2α. Cosine and tan connection: cos2α=1 / 1+tg2α. To learn more about trigonometric identities, see this related Sum and Difference Identities Calculator.

Example 2: Express the trigonometric function sin 3x cos 9x as a sum of the sine function using sin a cos b formula. Solution: We will use the sin a cos b formula: sin a cos b = (1/2) [sin (a + b) + sin (a - b)]. Identify the values of a and b in the formula. We have sin 3x cos 9x, here a = 3x, b = 9x. Substitute the values of a and b in the formula sin a cos b = (1/2) [sin (a + b) + sin (a - b)]Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Proving Trigonometric Identities step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of our online calculators here. 1 cos ( x) − cos ( x) 1 + sin ( x) = tan ( x) Go! . ( ) / . ÷. High School Math Solutions – Trigonometry Calculator, Trig Identities. In a previous post, we talked about trig simplification. Trig identities are very similar to this concept. An identity...Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.Team identity refers to the phenomena of individual team members who feel a positive attitude towards, and identify with, their team. When team members achieve team identity, they put the needs of the team before their own.First, starting from the sum formula, cos ( α + β ) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β, and letting α = β = θ, we have. cos ( θ + θ) = cos θ cos θ − sin θ sin θ cos ( 2 θ) = cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ. Using the Pythagorean properties, we can expand this double-angle formula for cosine and get two more interpretations. The first one is:Identities Proving Identities Trig Equations Trig Inequalities Evaluate Functions Simplify Statistics Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean Quadratic Mean Median Mode Order Minimum Maximum Probability Mid-Range Range Standard Deviation Variance Lower Quartile Upper Quartile Interquartile Range Midhinge Standard Normal Distribution Proving Trigonometric Identities Calculator. Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Proving Trigonometric Identities step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of our online calculators here. 1 cos ( x) − cos ( x) 1 + sin ( x) = tan ( x) Go!

DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAS. The double-angle formulas are summarized as follows: sin(2θ) = 2sinθcosθ cos(2θ) = cos2θ − sin2θ = 1 − 2sin2θ = 2cos2θ − 1 tan(2θ) = 2tanθ 1 − tan2θ. How to: Given the tangent of an angle and the quadrant in which it is located, use the double-angle formulas to find the exact value.Sum Difference Identity Tutorial Without Given Value The sum differene identity can also be used to find the exact value of normal trig functions. For example if told to find the exact value of sin75 degrees you can use the formula for sin(u+v). The sin of 75 is also the sin of (45+30).The angles that they're picking are ones that can be made by adding angles that are easy to remember, namely pi/6, pi/4, pi/3, and pi/2 (30, 45, 60, and 90, respectively) and their multiples. You can use angle addition to quickly find the trig values of, say, 75 degrees, since it's easy to see that 45+30=75.The trigonometric identity have had real-world applications for centuries, including their use in calculating long distances. Mainly, we use the sum and difference identities of sine, cosine, and tangent functions, but we have a few more trig identities.All trig functions are supported: sin (), cos (), tan (), but also the trigonometry reciprocal functions acos (), arcsin (), and so on. as well as the hyperbolic functions cosh (), sinh (), etc. Example: sin(x)=0 sin ( x) = 0 returns the solution x= 0 x = 0 (radian) Some equations will have an infinite number of solutions (modulo π π or 2π 2 ...

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Example 6.3.14: Verify a Trigonometric Identity - 2 term denominator. Use algebraic techniques to verify the identity: cosθ 1 + sinθ = 1 − sinθ cosθ. (Hint: Multiply the numerator and denominator on the left side by 1 − sinθ, the conjugate of the denominator.)25 thg 4, 2013 ... Proofs of Trigonometric Identities. Convert to sine/cosine, use basic identities, and simplify sides of the equation.15. Prove that sin(x + π) = − sin x sin ( x + π) = − sin x. This page titled 6.3: Sum and Difference Identities is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon ...Double-Angle Formulas, Hyperbolic Functions, Multiple-Angle Formulas, Prosthaphaeresis Formulas, Trigonometric Addition Formulas, Trigonometric Functions, Trigonometry, Weierstrass Substitution Explore this topic in the MathWorld classroom Explore with Wolfram|Alpha

The "big three" trigonometric identities are sin2 t+cos2 t = 1 (1) sin(A+B) = sinAcosB +cosAsinB (2) cos(A+B) = cosAcosB −sinAsinB (3) Using these we can derive many other identities. Even if we commit the other useful identities to memory, these three will help be sure that our signs are correct, etc. 2 Two more easy identities From ...Free Proofs Calculator - Various Proofs in Algebra This calculator has 1 input. What 2 formulas are used for the Proofs Calculator? Take what is given Build a bridge using corollaries, axioms, and theorems to get to the declarative statement. For more math formulas, check out our Formula Dossier.The functions of the trigonometric circle are cosine and sine of edge θ. The values might be characterized by the unit circle as follows. You can makes an edge θ from the x-axis to y with equation x2 + y2 = 1. The unit circle shows sine and cosine are periodic functions. They come up with the characters for any whole number "k".The double angle formula for cosine is cos (2x) = cos^2 (x) - sin^2 (x), which is different from simply multiplying cos (x) by 2. How do you solve tangent double angle identities? To solve tangent double angle identities, you can use the formula: tan (2x) = (2tan (x))/ (1 - tan^2 (x)). What is the trigonometry double angle formula sin? The ...Identities Proving Identities Trig Equations Trig Inequalities Evaluate Functions Simplify Statistics Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean Quadratic Mean Median Mode Order Minimum Maximum Probability Mid-Range Range Standard Deviation Variance Lower Quartile Upper Quartile Interquartile Range Midhinge Standard Normal DistributionIn earlier sections of this chapter, we looked at trigonometric identities. Identities are true for all values in the domain of the variable. ... Example \(\PageIndex{5A}\): Using a Calculator to Solve a Trigonometric Equation Involving Sine. Use a calculator to solve the equation \(\sin \theta=0.8\),where \(\theta\) is in radians. Solution.High School Math Solutions - Trigonometry Calculator, Trig Identities. In a previous post, we talked about trig simplification. Trig identities are very similar to this concept. An identity... Read More. Save to Notebook! Sign in. Free multiple angle identities - list multiple angle identities by request step-by-step.Reciprocal identities. Pythagorean Identities. Quotient Identities. Co-Function Identities. Even-Odd Identities. Sum-Difference Formulas. Double Angle Formulas. Power-Reducing/Half Angle Formulas. Sum-to-Product Formulas. Product-to-Sum Formulas. Download as PDF file [Trigonometry] [Differential Equations]When this is done, it is known as trig addition identities and that is the focus of this lesson. Angles 30 ∘, 40 ∘ and 60 ∘ are important, their trigonometric ratios can be easily determined ...The six trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, secant, cosecant, tangent and cotangent. By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the trigonometric functions and identities are derived: sin θ = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse. cos θ = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse. tan θ = Opposite Side/Adjacent Side.

Free Proofs Calculator - Various Proofs in Algebra This calculator has 1 input. What 2 formulas are used for the Proofs Calculator? Take what is given Build a bridge using corollaries, axioms, and theorems to get to the declarative statement. For more math formulas, check out our Formula Dossier.

Trigonometry Calculator. Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Trigonometry step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of our online calculators here. Enter a problem.Double angle identities solver (Calculator) uses trig identity formula to solve the expression of trigonometric functions of angles equal to 2θ in terms of θ. What is a double angle? As the name suggests, the double angle is two times an angle i.e 2θ. These angles are represented by .Sine, Cosine and Tangent are the main functions used in Trigonometry and are based on a Right-Angled Triangle. Before getting stuck into the functions, it helps to give a name to each side of a right triangle: ... Use a calculator to find sin 39°: d/30 = 0.6293... Multiply both sides by 30: d = 0.6293… x 30 d = 18.88 to 2 decimal places. The depth "d" is 18.88 …trigonometric-identity-calculator. inverse \sin\left(x\right) en. Related Symbolab blog posts. Spinning The Unit Circle (Evaluating Trig Functions ) If you've ever taken a ferris wheel ride then you know about periodic motion, you go up and down over and over... Read More. Enter a problemThe tangent function is abbreviated as tan. The remaining three functions can all be expressed as reciprocals of functions we have already defined. The secant function is the reciprocal of the cosine function. In Figure 7.4.1. 7.4. 1. , the secant of angle t. t. is equal to 1 cost = 1 x, x ≠ 0. 1 cos t = 1 x, x ≠ 0.When solving some trigonometric equations, it becomes necessary to rewrite the equation first using trigonometric identities. One of the most common is the Pythagorean identity, 2 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) 1 which allows you to rewrite )2 sin ( in terms of )2 cos ( or vice versa, 22 22 sin ( ) 1 cos ( ) cos ( ) 1 sin ( )The Pythagorean identities are based on the properties of a right triangle. cos2θ + sin2θ = 1. 1 + cot2θ = csc2θ. 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ. The even-odd identities relate the value of a trigonometric function at a given angle to the value of the function at the opposite angle. tan( − θ) = − tanθ. cot( − θ) = − cotθ.There are multiple ways to represent a trigonometric expression. Verifying the identities illustrates how expressions can be rewritten to simplify a problem. Graphing both sides of an identity will verify it. Simplifying one side of the equation to equal the other side is another method for verifying an identity.The six trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, secant, cosecant, tangent and cotangent. By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the trigonometric functions and identities are derived: sin θ = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse. cos θ = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse. tan θ = Opposite Side/Adjacent Side.

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Consequently, any trigonometric identity can be written in many ways. ... In other words, on the graphing calculator, graph [latex]y=\cot \theta[/latex] and [latex]y=\frac{1}{\tan \theta }[/latex]. Show Solution How To: Given a trigonometric identity, verify that it is true. Work on one side of the equation. It is usually better to start with ...trigonometric-identity-calculator. identity \frac{1}{secx} en. Related Symbolab blog posts. I know what you did last summer…Trigonometric Proofs. To prove a trigonometric identity you have to show that one side of the equation can be transformed into the other... Read More. Enter a problemTrigonometry (from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trígōnon) 'triangle', and μέτρον (métron) 'measure') is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and ratios of lengths. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. The Greeks focused on the calculation …Trigonometric Identities Calculator. Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Trigonometric Identities step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of our online calculators here. sec ( x) 2 + csc ( x) 2 = 1 sin ( x) 2 · cos ( x) 2. Go!Steps for Verifying Trigonometric Identities. Step 1: Identify which trigonometric identities may be useful in verifying the given identity. Step 2: Transform one side of the identity into the ...Trigonometric Identities. Use these fundemental formulas of trigonometry to help solve problems by re-writing expressions in another equivalent form. Basic Identities: …Online calculator helps you to calculate the Sum and Difference Identities in a few seconds. The sum and difference formulas in trigonometry are used to find the value of the trigonometric functions at specific angles where it is easier to express the angle as the sum or difference of unique angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 180°).Solution: Step 1: Write the given function in the sum and difference of the standard function, sin 15° = sin (45 -30)°. Step 2: Use the required Sum and Difference Formulas, here we use, sin (α - β) = sin α cos β - cos α sin β. sin (45 -30)° = sin 45° cos 30° - cos 45° sin 30°.Your digital landlords have taken away your sovereign identity. Here's how to revolt. We’re over two decades into an era of digital feudalism. Feudalism is a centuries-old concept. In medieval times, the nobility owned vast amounts of land.... ….

Identity theft is a common crime, and people fall prey to it every day. If you do a lot online, you can be vulnerable to identity theft as well. So how can you prevent identity theft? Here are a few simple steps to keep yourself immune.Example of right triangle trigonometry calculations with steps. Take a right triangle with hypotenuse c = 5 c = 5 and an angle \alpha=38\degree α = 38°. Surprisingly enough, this is enough data to fully solve the right triangle! Follow these steps: Calculate the third angle: β = 180 ° − α. \beta = 180\degree - \alpha β = 180°−α.Cofunction Identities in Degrees table. The system comprises three identities, each of which includes two trigonometric functions. The first identity, sin(x)cos(y), can be found by drawing a line from the origin to the point (x,y) and then finding the point on the line, which has the same x-coordinate as the point (x,y).Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. Graph functions, plot points, visualize algebraic equations, add sliders, animate graphs, and more. Even Odd Identities | DesmosProving a standard and useful trig identity using the ancestor identity for much of trigonometry: sin^2(theta) + cos^2(theta) = 1.This relationship is useful because if two sides of a right triangle are known, the Pythagorean theorem can be used to determine the length of the third side. Referencing the above diagram, if. a = 3 and b = 4. the length of c can be determined as: c = √ a2 + b2 = √ 32+42 = √ 25 = 5. It follows that the length of a and b can also be ... Trigonometric Equations Calculator. Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Trigonometric Equations step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of …Free trigonometric function calculator - evaluate trigonometric functions step-by-step Trigonometric identity calculator, The half-angle identity calculator is an online tool devised to find the value of half-angle using the value of the full angle. Users can choose between different units of angles. What is the half-angle? Half-angle is a term widely used in trigonometric calculations and it refers to the half of an angle. They are represented as: Sin (θ /2) Cos ..., Chapter 14 - Trigonometry This chapter discusses trigonometry, which is the study of triangles. It contains the following sections: section 14.1 - In this section we introduce the trigonometry of right triangles, then oblique triangles, then vectors, and then rotating objects.; section 14.2 - In this section we derive and list a set of trigonometric identities and show how they can be used to ..., Get detailed solutions to your math problems with our Simplify trigonometric expressions step-by-step calculator. Practice your math skills and learn step by step with our math solver. Check out all of our online calculators here. 1 − sin ( x) 2 csc ( x) 2 − 1. Go! , 8. 9. Trigonometric product to sum identity calculator (returns decimal approximation), 2. State the three Double-Angle Identity for Cosine and then derive them. 3. State the Power-Reducing Identity for tan2 x and Derive it. 4. State the Half-Angle Identity for Cosine and then Derive it. 5. Find the exact value of the following: tan 15(°) 6. Use the appropriate Half-Angle Identity to find the exact value of 3 sin 8 ⎛⎞π, The double angle formula for cosine is cos (2x) = cos^2 (x) - sin^2 (x), which is different from simply multiplying cos (x) by 2. How do you solve tangent double angle identities? To solve tangent double angle identities, you can use the formula: tan (2x) = (2tan (x))/ (1 - tan^2 (x)). What is the trigonometry double angle formula sin? The ..., trigonometric-identity-proving-calculator. prove \sin\frac{ }{ } en. Related Symbolab blog posts. High School Math Solutions - Trigonometry Calculator, Trig Identities. In a previous post, we talked about trig simplification. Trig identities are very similar to this concept. An identity..., A more advanced online trigonometry calculator can support the inverse reciprocal function cosecant, secant and cotangent. How to solve Trigonometric Problems? These online calculators make it easy to perform and solve trigonometric ratios. To solve trigonometric problems, you generally need one side and one angle in the triangle., Identities Proving Identities Trig Equations Trig Inequalities Evaluate Functions Simplify Statistics Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean Quadratic Mean Median Mode Order Minimum Maximum Probability Mid-Range Range Standard Deviation Variance Lower Quartile Upper Quartile Interquartile Range Midhinge Standard Normal Distribution, The Euler formula, sometimes also called the Euler identity (e.g., Trott 2004, p. 174), states e^(ix)=cosx+isinx, (1) where i is the imaginary unit. Note that Euler's polyhedral formula is sometimes also called the Euler formula, as is the Euler curvature formula. The equivalent expression ix=ln(cosx+isinx) (2) had previously been published …, The procedure to use the trigonometric identities solver calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the two angle measures in the appropriate input fields. Step 2: Click the button "Calculate" to get the result of the identities. Step 3: The result of the various trigonometric identities will be displayed in the output field., The Trigonometric Identities are equations that are true for Right Angled Triangles. Periodicity of trig functions. Sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant have period 2π while tangent and cotangent have period π. Identities for negative angles. Sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are odd functions while cosine and secant are even functions. , Convert to Trigonometric Form − √3 2 − 1 2i - 3 2 - 1 2 i. Free complex number calculator - step-by-step solutions to help find the complex factors of the quadratic expressions, find all the complex number solutions, find the magnitude of complex number and find trigonometric form of a complex number., Evaluate the integral using any appropriate algebraic method or trigonometric identity. 9 dx s x xw/1-81 In 2x 9 dx S xV1 - 81 In 2x (Type an exact answer.) This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts., This Co-function calculator provides a Step-by-Step solution for every suitable input. What is the Cofunction? A cofunction in trigonometry is a connection between two trigonometric functions that are connected by a complementary angle. In another way say that the cofunction of an angle is the trigonometric function of its complement., The Trigonometric Identities are equations that are true for Right Angled Triangles. Periodicity of trig functions. Sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant have period 2π while tangent and cotangent have period π. Identities for negative angles. Sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are odd functions while cosine and secant are even functions., Download our free reference/cheat sheet PDF for trigonometry rules, laws, and identities (with formulas). It includes the following trig laws and identities: Law of Sines, Law of Cosines, Law of Tangent, Mollweid's Formula, Trig Identities, Tangent and Cotangent Identities, Reciprocal Identities, Pythagorean Identities, Even and Odd Identities ..., This online trigonometry calculator will calculate the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant of angle values entered in degrees or radians. The trigonometric functions are also known as the circular functions. To calculate these functions in terms of π radians use Trigonometric Functions Calculator ƒ ( π) ., Free trigonometric equation calculator - solve trigonometric equations step-by-step ... Trigonometry; Identities. Pythagorean; Angle Sum/Difference; Double Angle;, The six trigonometric functions are sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, and cot. These trig functions allow you to find missing sides of triangles. Trig functions are ratios in a right triangle relative to an angle. Sin of an angle is the ratio of the side length opposite to the angle to the hypotenuse length. Cos of an angle is the ratio of the side ... , algebra calculator. Calculator that allows to make algebraic calculation by combining operations with letters and numbers, and to indicate the steps of calculation. Calculations with fractions: calculator ( 1 4 + 5 7 + 4 6 1 4 + 5 7 + 4 6) Equation calculations: calculator ( 3x + 4 = 0 3 x + 4 = 0) Inequality calculations: calculator ( 3x + 4 ..., Proving a standard and useful trig identity using the ancestor identity for much of trigonometry: sin^2(theta) + cos^2(theta) = 1., Double-Angle Formulas, Hyperbolic Functions, Multiple-Angle Formulas, Prosthaphaeresis Formulas, Trigonometric Addition Formulas, Trigonometric Functions, Trigonometry, Weierstrass Substitution Explore this topic in the MathWorld classroom Explore with Wolfram|Alpha, Online identity verification is essential for businesses and individuals to ensure the safety of their data and transactions. As technology advances, so do the methods of verifying identity online. In this article, we will discuss how to en..., Trigonometric Identities. Use these fundemental formulas of trigonometry to help solve problems by re-writing expressions in another equivalent form. Basic Identities: …, Trigonometry. Simplify Evaluate Graphs Solve Equations. Learn about trigonometry using our free math solver with step-by-step solutions., Trigonometry Calculator. Enter all known variables (sides a, b and c; angles A and B) into the text boxes. To enter a value, click inside one of the text boxes. Click on the "Calculate" button to solve for all unknown variables. side a. side b. side c. angle A., Welcome to this trigonometric calculator, a trig tool created to: Calculate any trigonometric function by inputting the angle at which you want to evaluate it; and Solve for the sides or angles of right triangles by using trigonometry. Keep reading this article to learn more about trigonometric functions and the trig identities that relate them., In mathematics, inverse trigonometric functions are also known as arcus functions or anti-trigonometric functions. The inverse trigonometric functions are the inverse functions of basic trigonometric functions, i.e., sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent. It is used to find the angles with any trigonometric ratio., The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular functions) comprising trigonometry are the cosecant cscx, cosine cosx, cotangent cotx, secant secx, sine sinx, and tangent tanx. The inverses of these functions are denoted csc^(-1)x, cos^(-1)x, cot^(-1)x, sec^(-1)x, sin ..., Trigonometry functions; Reciprocal trigonometric functions; Inverse trigonometric functions Trigonometry functions. The main trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, and tangent, often written as sin(x), cos(x), and tan(x).The common thing for them is that they express the ratios between different sides of a right-angled triangle, from the point of view of the angle of interest, and thus some ..., $\begingroup$ @CiaPan well, more precisely, rotating the pentagon doesn't just change the order of the terms - it transforms each term into something else. That something else happens to be the next term from the original (pre-rotation) sum, which is why it looks like it's just changing the order. This should be clearer if you imagine doing the rotation on something that's not symmetric; for ..., Apply the reciprocal identity to csc(x) csc ( x). 1 sin(x) −sin(x) 1 sin ( x) - sin ( x) Because the two sides have been shown to be equivalent, the equation is an identity. cot2(x) csc(x) = csc(x)−sin(x) cot 2 ( x) csc ( x) = csc ( x) - sin ( x) is an identity. 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